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01396_Field_62.cap.txt
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1996-03-14
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@
Friedan ignited
American
feminism with
her book The
Feminine
Mystique. She
argued that
women are
encouraged to see
homemaking as
the goal of their
lives, and so are
denied the
opportunity to
fulfil their
potential outside
the home in
other ways
#
Friedan's book
awakened the
political
consciousness of
women across
America and gave
the movement a
rallying-point.
"I believe that
women can affect
society, as well as
be affected by it,"
she said. "In the
end, a woman, as
a man, has the
power to choose,
and to make
her own heaven
or hell."
#
Domestic
responsibilities,
said Friedan, sap
a woman's time,
talent and energy.
Twice in this
century women
have escaped the
drudgery of the
home by going
out to work during
war, but were
expected to
return to the
kitchen once the
danger to the
state had passed.
Friedan pointed
out the absurdity
of this
#
The American
women's lib
movement
gained momentum
through the
Sixties. In 1964
the Civil Rights
Act made it
illegal to dis-
criminate on
the grounds of
race or sex. One
year later Betty
Friedan founded
the National
Organisation
of Women (NOW)
#
In the Eighties
Friedan was
accused of
turning her
back on her
earlier ideas.
Her book, The
Second Stage,
it was argued,
denied the
feminine mystique.
"I do not think",
Friedan now said,
"women's rights
are the most
urgent business
for women."
#
Friedan was
clearly dismayed
by some of the
consequences of
the revolution
she had unleashed.
But her biggest
disappointment
was the defeat in
1982 of the Equal
Rights Amendment
which, had it
succeeded, would
have enshrined
sex equality in
the American
Constitution
@
The explosion of
feminism in the
Sixties, the
women's lib
movement, was a
continuation of
the struggle begun
by Emmeline
Pankhurst. But
this time, women
were not fighting
just for political
rights: they
challenged forms
of discrimination
which were more
subtle and deeper-
rooted than those
addressed by the
suffragettes
#
The Civil Rights
Act of 1964 was
a great step
forward for
women as well as
for African-
Americans. It is
no coincidence
that the black
civil rights
movement and
the women's
movement arose
at the same time,
for both had the
same aim: an end
to all forms of
discrimination
#
In 1970, through
the NOW, Friedan
organised a house-
wives' strike to
illustrate the
point that
housework is
work too. NOW
had a slogan:
'politics is
personal', meaning
that the struggle
for rights was
concerned with
the injustices
experienced by
women in their
daily lives
#
"This uneasy
sense of battles
won, only to be
fought over again,
of battles that
should have been
won, according to
all the rules, and
yet are not, of
battles that
suddenly one
does not really
want to win, and
the weariness of
battle altogether
- how many
women feel it?"
asked Friedan
@